ⲃ, second letter of alphabet, called ⲃⲏⲧⲁ S (My 61), ⲃⲓⲇⲁ B ويضة (K 1, Stern p 418). As numeral BF, rarely S (Br), = two, f ⲃ̅ϯ = ⲥⲛⲟⲩϯ. Derived mostly from hierogl. b, as ⲁⲃⲱ, ⲃⲁⲕⲓ, ⲃⲗⲃⲓⲗⲉ, ⲉⲓⲃ, ⲕⲃⲁ, ⲗⲁⲃⲟⲓ, ⲙⲃⲱ (Ombos), ⲛⲓⲃⲓ, ⲟⲃϩⲉ, ⲥⲃⲱ, ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲉ, ⲟⲩⲱⲧⲃ, ϩⲃⲃⲉ, ϭⲱⲃ; rarely from p, as ⲉⲃⲣⲁ, ⲥⲟⲃⲧⲉ, ⲱⲃⲧ. Dialectal equivalents:a. S ⲃ = B ⲡ, as ⲙⲁⲁⲃ, ⲥⲓⲃ, ⲧⲟⲃϥ, ϣⲱⲃ, ϣⲱϩⲃ, also B ⲃ = F ⲡ in ⲃⲓⲛⲁϫ & ⲡⲓⲛⲉϭ.b. S ⲡ = B ⲃ, as ⲡⲛ(ⲛ)ⲏ, ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲡⲉ, ⲙⲡⲟ, ⲙⲡⲁⲓ, ⲧⲟⲡ.c. S ⲃ = B ϥ, ⲫ, as ⲥⲃⲏⲧⲉ, ϣⲃⲏⲣ, ϭⲃⲟⲓ, converse in ⲟⲩϥ.d. S ⲃ = BF ⲙ, as ϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ, ⲥⲁⲧⲃⲉ, ϭⲉⲣⲱⲃ, ϫⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ & ϫⲉⲃϣⲁⲓ both B, ϫⲗⲱⲃ & ϫⲗⲱⲙ both S, cf also ϩⲁⲃⲓⲟⲩⲓ & ⲁⲙⲏ, ⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟ & ⲧⲥⲁⲙⲟ (PLond 4 519), converse in ⲛⲓⲙ, ⲧⲱⲗⲙ.e. S ⲃ = B ⲛ, as ⲥⲟⲧⲃⲉϥ.f. S ⲃ = B ⲟⲩ in ⲃⲟⲓⲛⲉ, converse in ϣⲟⲩⲉ.Occasional, irregular variants:g. replaces ϥ, ⲫ, as ⲃ-, ⲃⲓ, ⲃⲟⲣⲉ (φορεῖν Z 632), ⲃⲱⲧⲉ, ⲃⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛⲟⲃⲣⲉ, ⲗⲉⲃ- (F), ⲥⲛⲟⲃ, ⲧⲏⲣⲃ, ϣⲃⲉ, ϣⲛⲃⲉ.h. replaced by ϥ, ⲫ, as ⲉϥⲓⲱ, ⲉϥⲣⲏϭⲉ (Jer 10 13), ⲅⲁϥⲣⲓⲏⲗ (RAl 129), ⲁϥⲃⲁⲕⲟⲩⲙ (ClPr 25 2), ⲧⲉϥⲃⲏⲩ (ib), ϩⲏϥⲉ (Mor 31 174), ⲃⲏϥ (ShA 2 252), ϥⲓⲣ (WS 153), ϥⲣⲉⲫⲟⲥ (Mor 34 16) ⲫⲣⲟⲛⲧⲓⲍⲉ P 44 91, ϥⲣⲟⲩⲭⲟⲥ (Ps 104 34), ⲙⲉϥⲣⲱⲛ μέμβρανον (BM 704), these 2 changes oftenest in F.i. replaces ⲡ rarely, as ⲉⲃⲉⲑⲉⲙⲓ (JKP 2 46), ⲗⲉⲃⲧⲟⲛ (Lu 12 59 B); converse often in B, as ⲉⲣⲧⲟⲛ, ⲁⲣⲏⲡ (Va 66 304), ⲛⲟⲩⲡ (Cat 158), ⲟⲡϣ- (Va 62 278) ⲡⲉϩ- (Job 9 27), ϣⲱⲡⲧ (Job 12 20), ϩⲟⲡⲥ- (ib 21 26), also S: ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲗⲏ (Kr 200), ⲡⲗⲁⲡⲧⲉⲓ (BMis 531, cf C 89 13 B ⲙⲡⲗⲁⲡⲧⲓⲛ).j. replaces ⲟⲩ, as ⲁⲃⲏⲧ, ⲃⲟⲥⲣ, ⲃⲉⲥⲑⲱⲛ, ⲃⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲣⲁⲃⲏⲟⲩⲧ, ϣⲃⲱⲃⲓ, ϣⲁⲣⲃⲱⲧ & v in Gk diphthongs, as ⲉⲃⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ (BMis 428), ⲑⲁⲃⲙⲁⲍⲉ (ib 276), ⲭⲗⲓⲃⲁⲍⲉ (χλευάζειν ib 270), ⲥⲕⲏⲃⲩ (σκεύη CO 172), ⲧⲩⲃⲇⲉⲣⲁ (δεύτερα J 12 70); lost in ⲉⲣⲏⲫⲟⲥ (βρέφος AZ 52 126).k. replaced by ⲟⲩ, as ⲑⲟⲩⲁⲓ, ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ (ⲃⲏⲃ BAp 79), ⲁⲩⲁⲕⲟⲩⲙ (BMis 305), ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲏⲛ (J 73 3), ⲉⲣⲧⲁⲩ (BMis 494), ⲥⲧⲁⲩⲗⲟⲛ (BAp 110).l. where Arabic transcribed, ⲃ represents ب: ⲁⲃⲟⲩ- (oftener ⲁⲡⲟⲩ-), ⲁⲃⲇ-, ⲑⲉⲃⲓⲧ, ⲅⲁⲃⲃⲁⲣ; or ف: ⲃⲁⲣⲁϭ, ⲃⲁϯⲙⲁ (BM 586), cf AZ 23 118; or و: ⲁⲕⲃⲉ اقوي, ⲃⲉⲇⲓⲁ وديعة, ⲧⲁⲩⲃⲁⲣ دوّار, ⲃⲉ- و (all EW 234 ff); or is represented by ب: بربارة, شبرا (ϫⲉⲃⲣⲟ); or ف: بمفوا (ⲡⲁⲙⲃⲟ), ادفوا, اصفون, فرجوط, منفلوط, or و: واخس (Bacchus), واطس (ⲃⲁⲧⲟⲥ), ويصا (ⲃⲏⲥⲁ); sometimes strengthened by ⲡ: ⲉⲃⲡⲛⲉ ابن (Kr 11 F).m. In Latin words (through Gk) ⲃ represents v: ⲃⲉⲣⲉⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ, ⲃⲉⲥⲧⲓⲧⲱⲣ (BM 1146), ⲃⲏⲗⲗⲟⲛ (BSM 66), ⲫⲗⲁⲃⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ.n. ⲃ doubled in old S MSS, = ⲛⲃ: ⲃⲃⲁⲗ, ⲃⲃⲟⲗ, ⲃⲃⲟⲧⲉ, cf also ⲃⲃⲣⲏϭⲉ (Ps 96 4, Apoc 11 19), ⲙⲏⲃⲃⲉ Memphis (LCyp), cf ⲡⲃⲃⲣⲟⲩⲭⲟⲥ (Joel 1 4 A). It is omitted in ⲟⲩⲉ = ⲟⲩⲃⲉ (PS, BKU 1 23).o. inserted between ⲙ & ⲣ: ⲁⲙⲃⲣⲉ, ⲁⲙⲃⲣⲟⲥ (ʿAmrû, cf BM 1090 ⲁⲃⲣⲟⲥ), ⲉⲙⲃⲣⲱ, ⲉⲙⲃⲣⲉϩⲓ, ⲙⲃⲣⲓⲥ, separates syllables: ⲡⲣⲟⲃⲁⲥⲧⲓⲟⲛ (BMar 82, ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲃⲏ (Ναυή C 89 83); cf ⲑⲃⲃⲓⲟ S for ⲑⲓⲟ (Lam 3 16 in P 130⁴ 148), ⲃⲓⲃⲣⲟⲥ, ⲃⲓϥⲣⲟⲥ Βῆρρος Verus (BAp 54, Mis 69).