ⲅ third letter of alphabet, called ⲅⲁⲙⲙⲁ (K 1, My 60, BMis 8), كمّة، جامة، جمّة, (P 43 233), غمّة (P 44 137); as numeral = three, B, f ⲅ̅ϯ. In Coptic words rare (esp in early texts), not in B & only as equivalent in S of other letters. a. for ⲕ after ⲛ: ⲁⲛⲅ- (v ⲁⲛⲟⲕ), ⲉⲛⲅ, ⲛⲅ- (verbal pref 2 sg m) S, ⲙⲟⲩⲛⲅ SA (Hos 11 2) O (AZ 21 100), ⲡⲱⲛⲅ S (-ⲛⲕ BF), ⲥⲱⲛⲅ S, ⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛⲅ (suff 2 sg) S (-ⲛⲕ A Hos 8 2), ⲧⲛⲧⲱⲛⲅ (do Z 286) S. To mark its sonant pronunciation ⲛ is prefixed in ⲛⲅⲁⲣ (archaic), as in dem (e gg DM Indices 117, 118, 123, 134); cf ⲛⲇⲉ. b. for ⲕ elsewhere: ⲁⲅⲱ S, ⲅⲗⲁϥ F (2 Cor 12 16), ⲅⲓⲙ S (Miss 4 766), ⲅⲣⲟⲃ S (1 Kg 29 4), ⲅⲱⲥ S town Kôs (COAd 35), ⲛⲁⲁⲅⲉ S (Wess 18 25), ϩⲁⲅⲟ S (P 44 78); & in foreign words: ⲁⲣⲅⲱⲁⲧⲏⲥ, ⲅⲁⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (κάγκελ.), ⲅⲉⲗⲉⲩⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲅⲣⲁⲧⲏⲥ (C 89 106), ⲉⲡⲓⲅⲓ (ἐποίκιον), ⲕⲁⲅⲓⲁ, ⲕⲉⲛⲛⲉⲱⲥ (γενναῖος), ⲗⲟⲧⲉⲅⲝ (ST 315), ⲙⲁⲗⲁⲅⲟⲥ, ⲡⲉⲛⲁⲅⲓⲥ (πινακίς), ⲧⲁⲅⲇⲓⲕⲟⲥ, ϩⲩⲡⲁⲅⲓⲥⲧⲁ (ὑποκεῖσθαι). c. replaced by ⲕ (S): ⲁⲕⲱⲣⲁ, ⲁⲛⲁⲕⲟⲕⲏ, ⲁⲛⲕⲏⲛ (ἀγγεῖον KroppK), ⲉⲓⲛⲧⲁⲕⲓ (ἐντάγιον), ⲕⲉϩⲉⲛⲛⲁ, ⲕⲓⲱⲣⲕⲓⲟⲥ, ⲕⲛⲱⲙⲏ, ⲙⲁⲕⲉⲩⲉ, ⲡⲏⲣⲕⲟⲥ, ⲥⲡⲗⲁⲕⲛⲟⲛ (WTh 64), ⲥⲩⲕⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ (σιγίλ.). d. for ϭ (S): -ⲅⲏ (J 69 29), ⲅⲁⲗⲡ (CO 251), ⲅⲁⲥ (Ep 532), ⲅⲓⲡⲏ (ϭⲉⲡⲏ), ⲅⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ (TurM 22), ⲕⲗⲟⲅⲉ ladder (Ep 222), ⲛⲅⲉ (BM 545), ⲡⲟⲗⲅ (Ep 261), ⲥⲓⲅⲏ (CO 434). e. replaced by ϭ (S): ⲛϭ- (RE 9 164, Ep 144); ⲡⲱⲛϭ (RE 9 166), & in Gk ⲁϭⲱⲛ, ϭⲛⲱⲙⲏ (Ep 145), ⲕⲉⲣⲉϭⲙⲁ, ϭⲉⲉⲓⲥⲉⲓ (CO 71), ⲙⲛⲧⲉϭⲉ (μέντοιγε), ⲛϭⲉⲏⲧⲏⲥ (ἐγγυητής), ⲥⲉϭⲏ (ζυγή ST 378 sic l), ⲥⲓⲛⲁⲣⲡⲁϭⲏ. f. replaced by ϫ: ⲁⲡⲁⲗⲗⲁϫⲓⲛ B (var -ⲅⲓⲛ, Va 57 64, 65), ⲁⲛⲧⲓⲗⲉϫⲉ S (? CO 171), ϫⲉⲥⲉⲙ B (Ge 47 27, Va 1 ⲅⲉⲥⲉⲙ), ϫⲓⲥⲙⲓⲥ B (var ⲅⲓⲥ-); or for ϫ: ⲅⲁⲅⲃⲱⲛ B (Dif 1 46). Cf under ⲕ (ϫ for ⲕ). g. = Ar غ: ⲅⲟⲣⲡⲉ غربة, ⲙⲉⲅⲁⲣⲉ مغارة, ⲥⲁⲅⲁⲣ صغار, ϣⲟⲅⲗ شغل (all EW 243 ff), ⲙⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉ مراغة (Sph 6 103), ϯⲙⲁⲅ دماغ (PMéd 212), ⲅⲁⲍⲟⲩⲁⲛ غزوان (Bodl(P) c 10); less often = ج: ⲁⲃⲇⲉⲗⲅⲁⲃⲃⲁⲣ جبّار (MR 1 65). Cf on transcription in late periods PMéd 26 ff. h. inserted between vowels (S): ⲓⲉⲅⲟⲩⲗ = Ἰεούλ (Ge 36 18), Παγεῦς = Παιηοῦς ⲡⲁⲉⲓⲏⲟⲩ (J&C), ⲛⲁⲩⲟⲓⲉ gen ⲛⲁⲅⲱⲧⲟⲥ (Gött Abh '17 77, 78); or omitted: ⲁⲭⲟⲩⲥ = Ἀγχοῦς (1 Kg 29 2); or become = i: ⲁⲓⲱⲛ (= ἀγών Ep 1 151), ϥⲣⲁⲛⲓⲉ (= ϥⲣⲁⲛⲅⲉ CO 394).