ⲗ eleventh letter of alphabet, called ⲗⲁⲩⲇⲁ (i e λάβδα, K 1, P 43 242 لودة), ⲗⲁⲩⲗⲁ (My 66, 117, Stern p 7, though these ? mere confusion of ⲇ & ⲗ), ⲗⲟⲗⲉ (Stern p 418) لولة; cf Preisigke W.buch 1 723 λάλ. As numeral BF, rarely S, ⲗ = thirty (ⲙⲁⲁⲃ). Derived from hierogl l-r, sign or signs representing both sounds & parent of both in Coptic (Stern 33, Sdff 11, 12, Till 35) as ⲁⲗⲕⲉ, ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲗ, ⲕⲗⲟⲙ, ⲗⲟⲕ, ⲥⲟⲗ, ⲟⲩⲱⲱⲗⲉ, ϣⲗϩ nn, ϭⲱⲗϫ; rarely from m, as ⲗⲉ-ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ, ⲗⲁ-ϣⲁⲛⲉ (or ? here from r); or n, as ⲗⲁⲥ, ⲙⲟⲩⲗϩ, ⲧⲗⲟⲙ (var ⲧⲛⲟⲙ). Dialectal equivalents: a ⲗ = ⲣ, esp F (purest F texts show this oftenest, Asmus 7 ff), as ⲁⲗⲏⲟⲩ (ⲉⲣⲏⲩ), ⲃⲓⲗ, ⲉⲗⲧⲁⲃ, ⲏⲗⲡ, ⲗⲁⲕⲁⲧⲓ (ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ Kr 22), ⲗⲓⲗ, ⲡⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉ (πανάριον BM 707), ⲧⲣⲓⲗ (ib 1221), ⲟⲩⲉⲛⲁϥⲉⲗ (CMSS 68), ⲱⲗ (Hôr), ϣⲏⲗⲓ, ϩⲁⲑⲟⲗ; also S, as ⲃⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ (veredarius Miss 4 638, BMis 147), ⲉⲗⲩⲑⲣⲁ (BMis 498), ⲕⲗⲩⲥⲧⲁⲗⲟⲥ (Ps 148 8), ⲝⲟⲩⲗ (BP 9517), ⲗⲟⲙⲡⲉ (& ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ, BM 1119), ⲗⲟϩⲧⲉ (PLond 4 516), ϭⲟⲗⲧⲉ (ib 508), ⲡⲗⲟⲟⲥ (πρός ib 454). b replaced by ⲣ S, as ⲁⲅⲉⲣⲁⲣⲭⲏⲥ (BMis 530), ⲃⲱⲣ (PLond 4 473), ⲉⲃⲟⲩⲣ (ⲉⲃⲟⲗ BM 1119), ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲏ (ib 1120), ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲟⲛ (λοιπόν ib 1103), ⲏⲣ (ⲏⲗ אל Leyd 456), ⲕⲁⲣⲱⲥ (BM 1120), ⲣⲕⲉ (ⲁⲗⲕⲉ CO 303), ⲣⲉⲍⲁⲣ (Λάζαρος R 1 1 20), ⲧⲁⲣⲟ (PLond 4 473); both: ⲉⲣⲗⲉⲅⲓⲛ (ἐλέγχειν AM 127); ⲗ & ⲣ vary also in ⲣⲙⲁⲛ S = ⲗⲉϩⲙⲉⲛ A, ϩⲉⲣϣⲓⲣⲉ S = ϧⲉⲗϣⲏⲣⲓ B. c ⲗ = ⲛ F (rarely): ⲃⲉⲗⲓⲁⲙⲓⲛ (BMEA 10585), ⲟⲩⲉⲗ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ (Mor 30 35); also in ϭⲣⲙⲡϣⲁⲛ S, ϭⲣⲟⲙⲡϣⲁⲗ B; ⲛ assimilated to following ⲗ S (archaic, cf ⲣ), as ⲗⲗⲁⲟⲥ, ⲗⲗⲁⲙⲡⲁⲥ. d in transcriptions of Ar ⲗ represents ل, as ⲉⲗϫⲉⲡⲉⲗ الجبل, ⲕⲁⲗ قال, ⲭⲉⲗⲉⲙ كلام (EW 234 ff); or where Ar transcribed, as ⲧⲁⲗⲕ طلق, ⲙⲁϩⲗⲟⲩⲗ محلول (AZ 23 118 ff), ⲗⲟⲩⲗⲟⲩ لولو (PMéd 150); sometimes ⲗ = ر (PMéd), as ⲁⲥϥⲁⲗ اصفر, ⲕⲁⲗⲁⲛⲃⲟⲩⲗ قرنفل, ⲙⲟⲩⲗ مرّ