ⲥ, 18th letter of alphabet, called ⲥⲏⲙⲙⲁ (Leyd 434), ⲥⲩⲙⲙⲁ (My 90) S, ⲥⲓⲙⲁ (K 1, Stern p 1), ⲥⲙⲙⲁ (Stern p 418) B, سمّة (Stern l c, P 43 247 = 44 127). As numeral BF, rarely S (Br 128) = 200 (ϣⲏⲧ S). Derived from hierogl ś & s as ⲥⲟⲛ, ⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ, ⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ, ⲓⲱⲥ, ϩⲱⲃⲥ. Varies with ⲍ q v (σζ = ϣ in transcribed texts) & with initial ϣ, as S ⲥⲁⲁⲛϣ, ⲥⲁϣⲉ B ϣⲁⲛϣ, ϣⲁϣⲓ; S ϣⲁϫⲉ, ϣⲱϫⲡ B ⲥⲁϫⲓ, ⲥⲱϫⲡ, v also Ep 1 244; represents ϣ O (rarely) ⲥⲁⲥⲫⲓ, ⲥⲱⲃⲓ (PGM 1 114); init dropped, as ⲕⲟⲣⲕⲣ, ⲗⲟϥⲗϥ (?), ϩⲃⲏⲏⲧⲉ, ϭⲣⲉϩⲧ. On metathesis v Sethe Verbum 1 275 ff. Transcribes Ar س, as ϫⲉⲗⲉⲥ جالس, ⲉⲛⲥⲉⲛ انسان, ⲥⲉⲉⲗ سأل (EW 234 ff); or ز, as ⲥⲓⲡⲓⲡ زبيب (Ryl 106), ⲁⲛⲥⲁⲣⲱⲑ عنزروت (PMéd); or ص, as ⲥⲁⲛⲧⲁⲗ صندل (ib), ⲁⲥⲃⲁⲣ اصفر (AZ 23 118), ⲓⲟϧⲗⲟⲥ يخلص (EW); transcribed by س, as بسندة ⲡⲉⲥⲛⲧⲉ, اسيوط ⲥⲓⲟⲟⲩⲧ; or ص, as ابوصير ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲉ, قوص ⲕⲱⲥ. Appended to vb it forms nn f, as ⲁⲡⲥ, ⲕⲟⲧⲥ, ⲙⲟⲕϩⲥ, ⲡⲁϩⲥ, ⲣⲁϣⲥ, ⲥⲟⲟⲩϩⲥ, ϣⲟⲗⲥ, ϭⲟⲣϭⲥ. Ancient causative ⲥ- survives in ⲥⲁⲁⲛϣ, ⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ, ⲥⲟⲟϩⲉ, ⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ, ⲥⲱϩⲣ, ⲥⲁϫⲓ, ⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ, ⲥϭⲣⲁϩⲧ &c (Sdff 251 ff).