ϩ, 29th letter of alphabet, called ϩⲟⲣⲓ (K 1, Stern p 418), هوري (Stern l c) B, هولة (P 44 137) S.In early S MSS written ϩ (v JEA 13 19 n).Derived from hierogl h, as ϩⲁⲓ, ϩⲁⲡ, ⲗϩⲱⲃ, ⲛⲟⲩϩⲉ, ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ; or ḥ (oftenest), as ϩⲟ, ϩⲱⲧⲡ, ⲁⲙⲣⲏϩⲉ, ⲛⲟⲩϩⲃ, ⲙⲥⲁϩ, ϭⲱⲣϩ; or ẖ, as ϩⲏ belly, ϩⲙⲟⲙ, ⲥⲱϩⲡ, ϩⲗⲡⲉ, ⲙⲟⲩϩ burn; or ḫ, as ϩⲏⲃⲥ, ϩⲣⲟⲟⲩ, ⲁϩⲟⲙ, ⲱϩⲥ, ⲙⲟⲩⲗϩ. Corresponds to A ⳉ, as ϩⲁⲉ, ϩⲱⲱⲕ, ⲁϩⲱⲙ (Pro 23 5), ⲡⲱϩⲧ, ⲙⲟⲩϫϩ; to B ϧ, as ϩⲁ-, ϩⲓⲣ, ϯϩⲉ, ⲗⲱϩⲙ, ⲧⲱϩ.Varies with ϣ Sa v Ep 1 244.Initial om often B, as ⲁⲓⲟ, ⲁⲛⲣⲟ, ⲁⲣⲟϣ, ⲁⲩϫⲁⲗ, ⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛ, ⲃⲟⲣⲃⲉⲣ, ⲗⲱⲓⲗⲓ, ⲗⲁⲡⲗⲉⲡ, ⲟⲩⲣⲓⲧ, ⲟⲩϧⲉ;S (rare), as ⲉⲣⲏϩ (ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ Nu 3 25), ⲟⲙⲛⲧ (Ap 1 15); F, as ⲁⲑⲏ (Eccl 7 19), ⲁⲗⲁⲥ (ib 1 13), ⲃⲟⲩⲣ (JKP 2 50), ⲓⲧⲉ- (ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ- BMOr 6948), ⲱⲃⲓ (MR 5 24);A (though often added afterwards), as ⲁⲗⲏⲧ (Pro 6 5), ⲁⲓⲣⲉ (Zeph 1 17), ⲉⲡ (PGol 47), ⲏⲃⲉ (Hos 9 4), ⲙⲉⲥⲧ (ib 3 3), ⲱϣϥ (Pro 10 15);om in other positions: S ⲛⲁⲁⲕⲉ, ⲛⲁⲁϫⲉ, ϣⲉⲗϥ, ⲛⲁⲏⲧ, ⲟⲩⲁϩⲓⲏⲧ, ⲗⲁⲗⲏⲩ (ST 415, cf 414), ⲡⲟⲟⲩ; A ⲡⲉⲧⲁⲩ (2 Mac 6 9), ⲛⲉⲕⲉ (Hos 9 11), ⲟⲩⲱ (Pro 10 22), ϣⲁ (Joel 2 3), ⲧⲉⲁⲕ (Pro 3 13); F ⲥⲓⲉ (BM 584), ⲥⲁⲓ (CMSS 58), ⲥⲓⲙⲓ (BP 5717), ⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁ (Ac 7 24), ⲙⲉⲕ (ⲙⲉϩⲕ Kr 10), ⲉⲗⲏⲓ (AZ 23 42), cf ⲉⲣⲓⲏ (sic Stegemann 44), ϫⲉ (ϫⲉϩ Mor 30 41), ⲛⲁⲣⲁⲩ (ⲛⲁϩⲣⲁⲩ BM 686);in O om: εληι O (ⲉϩⲗⲏⲓ), ητ (ϩⲏⲧ), ιν (ϩⲉⲛ-) in Beatty-Merton Isaiah glosses, ⲥⲁⲣⲏⲓ (PGM 1 114); or as spiritus asper ⲉⲟ̔ⲩⲛ, ⲣ̔ⲏⲓ, ⲙ̔ⲓⲧ (AZ 21 107).Added as initial: S (rare), as ϩⲓⲉ (BM 1102), ϩⲉⲱ (Ora 4 22), ϩⲁⲃⲁϭⲏⲉⲓⲛ (Ap 4 6), ϩⲙⲧⲟⲛ (BM 1123), ϩⲁⲣⲏⲩ (Ep 1 245); A, as ϩⲉⲡ (Pro 8 21), ϩⲱⲥⳉ (Hos 6 5), ϩⲃⲣⲏϭⲉ (Nah 2 5), ϩⲱϩⲉ (El 48); B, as ϩⲓⲁ (EW 14), ϩⲓⲏⲃ (Ex 25 4), ϩⲟⲃⲓ (Va 57 215), ϩⲟⲙⲥⲕ (Is 43 2), ϩⲱⲓⲙⲓ (MG 25 161), ϩⲱⲗⲕ (C 43 136), ϩⲱⲡ (Is 33 18), ϩⲟⲧⲡⲟⲩ (Miss 4 112), ϩⲁϥ (IgR 27), ϩⲉⲧⲫⲱ (Va 58 135), ϩⲱⲟⲩ (ib 57 196); F, as ϩⲉⲥ (Lam 3 4);as final: S ⲙⲟⲩⲗⲁϩ (μοῦλα Mor 51 35); A ϩⲉⲫ (BM 1223); B ⲓⲁϩ (BSM 22); F ϫⲓϫϩ, ϫⲁⲗⲁⲩϫϩ (Lam 1 10, 13); ⲕⲏϩ, ⲧⲓϩ (BKU 1 23).Inserted before ⲥ Sf: ⲑⲁⲗⲁϩⲥⲁ, ϩⲏⲡⲱⲧⲁϩⲥⲓ (ὑποτάσσειν), ⲉⲕⲙⲁⲗⲱⲧⲓϩⲥⲏ (αἰχμ. Pcod Mor).Abnormal metathesis S: ⲡϩⲱ (ⲡⲱϩ), ϫϩⲁⲙ (ϫⲁϩⲙ), ⲕϩⲱⲧ (ⲕⲱϩⲧ), ⲙϩⲟⲩ (ⲙⲟⲩϩ Worrell Copt Sounds 146–7).On ϩ added to verbal roots, as ⲫⲱⲛϩ, ϣⲱⲃϩ, ϣⲱⲕϩ, v Sethe Verbum 1 359.As syllable-divider: A ⲟⲩⲁϩⲉⲉⲧ⸗ (p 470 a), ⲛⲁϩⲱⲣϫ (Pro 8 28), ϩⲓϩⲱⲱϥ (Zech 3 3); S ⲟⲩϩⲱⲛϩ, ⲃⲟϩⲩⲉⲑⲓⲥ (βοηθός BM 1123), ⲧⲁϩⲉⲓ- (ⲧⲁⲓ- Kr 116), ⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲉⲛ (PJkôw), ⲛⲁϩⲟⲩⲱϩ (Ps 101 28 Aeg), ⲟⲩϫϩⲁⲓ (BP 9105) & in names: S ⲁⲃⲣⲁϩⲁⲙ (cf DM 8 8 'br'ḥme), ⲁϩⲁⲣⲱⲛ (Bor 106), ⲃⲁⲗⲁϩⲁⲙ, ⲃⲁϩⲁⲗ (not in compounds: ⲓⲉⲣⲟⲃⲁⲁⲗ, ⲃⲉⲉⲗⲫⲉⲅⲱⲣ), ⲅⲉϩⲉⲛⲛⲁ, ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ, ⲙⲁⲇⲓϩⲁⲙ, ⲛⲱϩⲉ, ⲉⲩϩⲟⲇⲓⲟⲥ (Mor 43 57), ⲉⲩϩⲁⲓⲟⲥ (Ge 10 17), ⲫⲁⲣⲁϩⲱ (Cl 51 5), ⲡⲓϩⲓⲁⲧⲣⲟⲥ (Ep 223); O ⲓⲁϩⲟ (AZ 21 99); cf ⲙⲩϩⲣⲁ Μύρρα (AP 19);Gk spiritus asper mostly by ϩ- SAA2; wrongly in certain common words, as ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ, ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ, ϩⲉⲧⲁⲍⲉ, ϩⲓⲇⲓⲱⲧⲏⲥ, ϩⲓⲕⲱⲛ, ϩⲓⲥⲟⲥ; B often om as ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ, ⲉⲃⲇⲟⲙⲁⲥ, ⲉⲣⲙⲏⲛⲉⲩⲓⲛ, ⲏⲥⲩⲭⲓⲁ, ⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲛ; sometimes wrongly prefixed, as ϩⲁⲣⲁ, ϩⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ, ϩⲱⲇⲏ.In compounds, as S ⲁⲛϩⲏⲕⲉⲓ (J pass), ⲁϩⲟⲣⲁⲧⲟⲥ, ⲁⲛϩⲟⲥⲓⲟⲥ, ⲁⲣⲭⲏϩⲓⲁⲧⲣⲟⲥ (BMar 60), ⲕⲁⲧⲁϩⲣⲁⲕⲧⲏⲥ, ⲡⲁⲣϩⲓⲥⲧⲁ, ⲡⲣⲟϩⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ; also where no sp asp, as ⲁⲛϩⲁⲗⲓⲥⲕⲉ, ⲡⲣⲟϩⲟⲓⲙⲓⲟⲛ, ⲡⲣⲟⲥϩⲟⲇⲟⲥ.Lost in Gk transcripts, as Παα (ⲡⲁϩⲁ BM 1130), Βησνατ ητ (ϩⲏⲧ PLond 4 203), Πκαμ ητ (sim PCai 1 171), Πια μελ (ⲡⲓⲁϩⲙⲏⲗⲉϩ PLond 4 162), Πια σε (sim PLond 5 108), Πκασο (ⲡⲕⲁⲥϩⲟ PRoss-Georg 3 72), λαη (ⲗⲁϩⲏ WS 24).Transcribes Ar ع, as ϩⲁⲍⲓⲙ عظيم, ϩⲁⲗⲁ على, ⲓⲁϩⲣⲉϥ يعرف, ⲙⲁⲩⲍⲁϩ موضع (EW 234 ff), ϩⲟⲩⲑⲙⲉⲛ عثمان (C 86 161), ⲛⲟⲩϩⲉⲉⲙ نعيم (AZ 55 71); or ح, as ϩⲁⲣⲓⲣⲉ حريرة (Ryl 243), ⲙⲁϩⲗⲟⲩⲗ محلول (AZ 23 109), ⲓⲉϥⲣⲁϩ يفرح (EW); or ه, as ϩⲟⲩ هو, ⲑⲉϩⲗⲉⲕ تهلك, ⲗⲉϩⲱⲛⲉ لاهون;transcribed by ه, as ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ اهودا, ⲟⲩⲟϩ اووه, ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ هيجان (BIF 5 92 ff), ϩⲙⲉ هما (PO 11 703), ϩⲛⲏⲥ اهناس; by ح hardly ever: ⲡⲣⲉϩⲧ ابرحت (CR 1913 299), ⲧⲟⲩϩⲟ طحا, ⲙⲥⲁϩ امساح (p 187 b).