ϭ, 31st (or 30th, v p 745 a, adding LMis 127 ϭ ϫ (sic), Win 39) letter of alphabet, called ϭⲓⲙⲁ (K 1, Stern pp 7, 418), شيما (K Stern ll cc, cf جشيما Lab ⲡⲓϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲉⲣ 4).Early F MSS & A once (ImpRuss Ar S 18, tab i) use form ϭ.Derived from hierogl g (S, B ϫ), as ϭⲃⲟⲓ, ⲥⲟϭⲛ, ⲧⲱϭⲉ; or B ϭ, as ϭⲱⲗⲡ, ϭⲁϩⲥⲉ;or k (S, B ϫ), as ϭⲱϭ, ϥⲱϭⲉ, ⲃⲏϭ; or B ⲧ, v below;or ḳ (S rare, B ϫ), as ϩⲁϭⲉ;or ṯ (B, S ϫ), as ϭⲓ, ϣϭⲏⲛ;or ḏ (B, S ϫ), as ϭⲛⲱⲟⲩ nn. Not found in O (though in DM cipher) or oldest F (Schmidt's Eccl Cant Lam, Ch. Beatty's Isaiah glosses, where 16 8 ⲧⲁⲕⲥ would be S ⲧⲟϭⲥ).Replaced by ϫ, as ϫⲱ (Ep 244), ϫⲱϣⲧ (BodlP d 17), ϫⲟⲟⲗⲉ (KroppR 15), ϫⲁϩϫⲉϩ (Mt 24 51);converse, as (ⲉ)ϭⲱⲟⲩ (Kr 116), ϫⲓϭ (Ora 4 7), ϭⲓϭ (J & C 98), ⲙⲉϭⲉϥ (ST 227), ϭⲱⲕ (Ora 4 10), ⲟⲣϭ (ST 181), ⲛⲟⲩϭ⸗ (AZ 23 109).Replaced by ⲕ, as ⲕⲓⲛ- (P Mich 601), ⲕⲱ (Hall 88, CO 83), ⲕⲗⲟⲙⲗⲙ (J 51 10), ⲕⲗⲟⲅⲉ (ϭⲗⲟⲟϭⲉ Ep 222), ⲕⲁⲙ F (& ϭⲁⲙ PGM 2 181), Πεκῦσις (ⲡⲉϭⲱϣ), Πελκεῆσις (Preisigke W. buch 3 320); cf also ⲕϭⲟⲗ (ST 280);converse, as ϭⲉ- (pass), ⲡⲉϭ- (ST 246), ϭⲛⲁ- (BM 1211 C), ϫⲉϭⲁⲥ (Br 41), ϭⲓⲙ (ib 247), ϭⲟⲓ (ⲕⲟⲩⲓ Ep 554), ϩϭⲟ (CO 209), ⲥϭⲓⲙ (El 120, cf BerlSitz '12 1039), ϭⲓⲃⲱⲧⲟⲥ (Ex 26 33), ϭⲓⲑⲁⲣⲁ (Ps 150 2), ⲉⲅⲕⲁϭⲉⲓ (PS 359), ⲉⲡⲏϭⲓ (ἐποίκιον Kr 137), ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲇⲟϭⲓⲁ (J 74 21).Replaces ⲅ, as ⲛϭ- (pass), ⲁⲗⲟϭⲟⲛ (Rev Ég Anc 1 154), ⲁϭⲱⲛ (CO 436), ⲗⲟⲅϭⲓⲛⲉ (BP 8709), ϭⲉⲱⲣϭⲓⲟⲥ (ST 378), ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲉϭⲉ (μέντοιγε J 76 37), ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲓϭⲓ A2 (AP 23);converse, as -ⲅⲏ (-ϭⲉ J 69 29), ⲅⲁⲥ (Ep 532), ⲛⲅⲓ (& ⲛϭⲓ BKU 1 8), ϣⲅⲱⲣ (ib 267).Varies with ⲧ, as ⲁⲧⲃⲉⲥ (p 26 a), ⲛⲟⲧ (BP 8095), ⲛⲁⲧ F (MR 5 54), ⲙⲟⲩϫⲧ (p 214 a), ⲧⲣⲁ (p 429 b), ⲃⲟⲧⲥ (Mor 31 50), ⲧⲟⲟⲧⲥ (p 407 a), ⲟⲩⲟⲧⲥ⸗ (PMich 6861), ⲕⲱⲛϭ (ϭⲱⲛⲧ El 136), ⲡⲁⲧⲥⲉ (p 286 b), ⲧⲟⲩϣⲧ (PBad 5 332), ⲛⲓϣⲧⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ (Saq 10 n), ⲧⲙⲟⲩⲛⲉⲧⲣⲏⲧⲉ (or ? l -ⲅⲣⲏⲅⲉ Baouit 2 44), ⲧⲁⲧⲥⲓ B (p 466 b), ϣⲗⲓⲧ B (p 563 a); cf also ⲧϭⲓϫ, ⲧϭⲁⲙ (BM 524), ⲧϭⲗⲟⲧⲉ (Ps 25 2 Rahlfs), ⲛⲁⲧϭ (Stegemann 67).Replaced by ϩ, ⲭ, as ϩⲗⲁⲙⲗⲙ (ManiK 125, cf ib ϭⲗ.), ⲭⲗⲟⲙⲗⲉⲙ B (PO 11 330); cf ? ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ.Varies with ϣ, rarely S, as ϭⲓⲛⲉ (PS 251), ϣⲱⲡⲉ (Ac 1 16), ϣⲱϣⲧ (Ap 11 12), ϭⲱⲕⲉ (RNC 83), ⲥⲏϣ (ib 54), ⲛⲟϣ (Mor 38 57), ϭⲗⲓϭ (ib 32 31), ϣⲁⲡ (PChass 2); cf also ϭϣⲟⲟϭⲉ (Lant 73), ϣϭⲟⲥ for, ϭϩⲟⲥ;often in late B, as ⲁϣⲓⲛ (p 744 b), ϣⲓⲏ (Ez 43 12), ⲉϣⲟⲩ (p 65 a), ϣⲓ breast, ϭⲓ (2 Cor 10 13), ϣⲟⲧϣⲉⲧ, ϣⲱⲡ (Ac 3 7), ⲧⲁⲛϭⲟ (Ps 17 15), ϭⲱⲟⲩ† (p 601 b), ϣⲉⲡ- (Deu 24 7), ϭⲟⲩⲣⲏ (Nu 16 18), ⲙⲟⲣϣⲛⲁϩ (p 777 b).Transcribes Ar ج, as ϭⲟⲩⲡⲡⲉ جبّة (MR 5 55), ϭⲉⲗⲗⲟⲩⲍ جلوز (P 44 81), ⲥⲓⲛϭⲓⲡⲓⲗ زنجبيل (PMéd 89); ϩⲁϭⲉϭ حجاج (Ryl 235), ϯⲡⲁϭ ديباج (ib 343), ⲃⲁⲣⲁϭ فرج (Kr 236, cf ϥⲁⲣⲁϫ BM 618); transcribed by ج, as ⲃⲉⲣϭⲟⲩⲧ فرجوط (also فرشوط Amélineau Géog 178), ⲡⲁϩϭⲁⲩⲣⲉ بهجورة (AZ 55 70), ⲙⲟⲩⲛϭⲟⲩϭ منجوج (TT 73 n);or ش, as ϭⲙⲟⲩⲛⲓ اشمون (AM 74), ϭⲓⲛⲟⲩⲟⲟⲧⲉ شنوادة (TMina Epima xxxi), ϭⲉⲛⲉⲙⲟⲩⲗⲟⲥ شرملس (Amélineau l c 183, cf ? شبرا ملس Ibn Gi'ân 83), ϭⲣⲟ اشرو, ϭⲗⲓⲗ اشليل (BIF 5 93, 94).In EW 234 ff not used.

On pronunciation of ϭ v Worrell Coptic Sounds, esp 21, 24 ff, BerlSitz '12 1036 ff, Gött Nachr '16 123.